Iindaba

Iireactors zelebhu zemichiza zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kuphando, uphuhliso, kunye nemveliso encinci. Ezi zixhobo eziguquguqukayo zibonelela ngeendawo ezilawulwayo zoluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali, ukusuka kwi-synthesis kunye ne-catalysis ukuya kwi-polymerization kunye ne-crystallization. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lweereactors zekhemikhali zaselabhoratri kwaye siqaqambise ukubaluleka kwazo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

Indima yeeReactor zeMichiza yeLebhu

Izixhobo zemichiza zelebhu zisebenza njengentliziyo yovavanyo oluninzi lwezenzululwazi. Banikezela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo kwiimeko zokusabela ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka, ukuvumela abaphandi ukuba basebenzise iinkqubo kunye nokufunda i-kinetics yokuphendula. Imisebenzi ephambili yezi zixhobo ibandakanya:

• I-Synthesis: Ukudala iikhompawundi ezintsha okanye imathiriyeli ngokusabela kweekhemikhali.

• I-Catalysis: Ukukhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kusetyenziswa ii-catalysts.

• Ipolymerization: Ukwenza iipholima kwiimonomer ezincinci.

• ICrystallization: Ukukhula kweekristale zezinto ezisulungekileyo.

• Ukuxuba: Ukudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukwenza imixube yehomogeneous.

Izicelo kuwo wonke amaShishini

Iireactors zekhemikhali zeLabhoratri zifumana izicelo kuninzi lwamashishini, kubandakanywa:

• I-Pharmaceutical: Ukuphuhliswa kwamachiza amatsha kunye namayeza.

• Ikhemikhali: Ukudibanisa imichiza kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

• INzululwazi yeMathiriyeli: Ukudala imathiriyeli entsha eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo.

• I-Biotechnology: Ukuvelisa i-biofuels, ii-enzymes, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji.

• Ukutya neziselo: Ukuphuhlisa iimveliso zokutya kunye nezithako ezintsha.

• UPhando lwezeMfundo: Ukuqhuba uphando olusisiseko kwikhemistri nobunjineli.

Iindidi zeLebhu yeMichiza yeeReactors

Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeereactors zekhemikhali zaselabhu, nganye ilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• I-Batch reactors: Ilungele imveliso ekwizinga elincinane kunye neentshukumo ezinendawo ezicacileyo zokuqala nezokuphela.

• Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs): Ilungele iinkqubo eziqhubekayo kunye neempendulo ezifuna ukuxutywa rhoqo.

• I-Plug flow reactors (PFRs): Isetyenziselwa ukusabela okubandakanya utshintsho olubalulekileyo kugxininiso lwe-react.

• I-Semibatch reactors: Dibanisa iimpawu zebhetshi kunye nereactors eqhubekayo.

Imiba ephambili emayiqwalaselwe

Xa ukhetha i-reactor yekhemikhali yelabhoratri, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

• Ubungakanani bokusebenza: Umthamo weereactants kunye neemveliso.

• Iimeko zokusabela: Iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye neemfuno zokuphazamiseka.

• Ukuhambelana kwezinto: Izinto zokwakha kufuneka zihambelane ne-reactants kunye neemveliso.

• Iimpawu zokhuseleko: Ukhuseleko lubalulekile, ngakumbi xa usebenza ngeekhemikhali eziyingozi.

Ukuqukumbela

Iireactors zekhemikhali zelebhu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeleni phambili uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokuchaneka kwazo kuzenza zibe zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-reactors kunye nobuchule bazo, abaphandi banokukhetha ezona zixhobo zifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo ezithile.